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The Cowboys and the 3-4 Defense: A Winning Proposition

Diagram2_medium
via nfl.com

Raf's story on Wade Phillips' 3-4 prompted me to hunt down some numbers on the 3-4 defenses.

By my count there are currently 13 teams running the 3-4: Broncos, Browns, Cardinals, Chargers, Chiefs, Cowboys, Dolphins, 49ers, Jets, Packers, Patriots, Ravens and Steelers.

In 2004 five teams were running a 3-4 defense (NE, PIT, BAL, SD, HOU). By 2008 that number had grown to 10 (NE, PIT, BAL, SD, CLE, ARI, DAL, MIA, SF, NYJ). The Broncos, Chiefs and Packers joined the growing crowd of 3-4 defenses in 2009, and the Redskins and the Bills are reported to be moving to a 3-4 next season.

You’ll recognize some of the better defenses in the league in the line-up above. After the jump we break down how the 3-4 defenses ranked in the 2009 season.

Star-divide

Last year, the 3-4 teams dominated the NFL top seven lists in most defensive categories. The top five scoring defenses in the league were 3-4 teams, as were the top three in yards allowed. 3-4 teams highlighted in bold.

Scoring Defense Total Defense
RankTeam
Points Allowed/Game
RankTeamYards Allowed/Game
1 Jets 14.8 1 Jets 252
2 Cowboys 15.6 2 Packers 284
3 Ravens 16.3 3 Ravens 301
4 49ers 17.6 4 Bengals 301
5 Patriots 17.8 5 Steelers 305
6 Bengals 18.2 6 Vikings 306
7 Packers
18.6 7 Broncos 315

A similar picture emerges when looking at some of the defensive efficiency metrics, in this case yards allowed per play and yards allowed per point allowed (a 'bend but don't break' metric). In both cases, 3-4 defenses took five of the seven top spots last season.

Yards Allowed Per Play Yards Per Point Allowed
RankTeam
Y/P
RankTeamYPPA
1 Jets 4.2 1 Cowboys 20.3
2 Packers 4.8 2 49ers 18.6
3 Ravens 4.9 3 Ravens 18.4
4 Bengals 4.9 4 Patriots 18.0
5 Broncos 5.0 5 Colts 17.7
6 Eagles 5.0 6 Falcons 17.2
7 49ers
5.0 7 Jets 17.1

And finally, in terms of sacks and 3rd down conversions allowed, the usual 3-4 suspects again dominate the top seven teams in the league.

Sacks % 3rd down conversions allowed
RankTeam
Sacks
RankTeam3rd dwn conv. %
1 Vikings 48 1 Jets 31.5
2 Steelers 47 2 Eagles 33.0
3 Dolphins 44 3 Vikings 34.5
4 49ers 44 4 Dolphins 34.8
5 Eagles 44 5 Cowboys 35.0
6 Cardinals 43 6 Cardinals 35.3
7 Cowboys
42 7 Panthers 35.5

The stats speak a clear language: The majority of top defenses in the NFL run a 3-4 defense. Perhaps that's because of the flexibility and unpredictability that arguably comes with the scheme. Perhaps the 3-4 is the better option against today's passing offenses. Perhaps it's because the scheme allows you to get better athletes onto the field. Perhaps it's as simple as the more successful defenses among the NFL teams jumping onto the bandwagon first.

As more and more defenses adopt the 3-4, offenses will develop new schemes and strategies (2 TE set, anyone?) to counter them and so continues the constant evolution of the game. As long as the Cowboys continue to stay ahead of the curve on these developments, I look forward optimistically.

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Don’t the numbers scew a bit when we send in our 3rd down group which has four guys down in the stance? Like in the NO game?

by elFURIOSOpozo on Apr 28, 2010 9:06 AM CDT reply actions  

This is just general. Teams that run a base 3-4 as opposed to a base 4-3.

All teams switch out of their base defense (to Nickel or Dime) on probable passing situations, just like they run a goal line defense when the opposing team is creeping into the endzone.

by Damnsammit on Apr 28, 2010 10:56 AM CDT up reply actions  

It'd be interesting to see...

This would probably take tons of work, but it would be pretty cool to see a break down of all the teams when they deploy their different defensive schemes. Obviously Dallas goal line defense was pretty solid last year, but I wonder whose was the best/worst?

Also, which team deployed the best/worst dime package on 3rd and long..

I ponder this to myself quietly in writing.

by Damnsammit on Apr 28, 2010 11:02 AM CDT up reply actions  

At first I wasn't a big fan of the 3-4,

but now that we have the right-types of athletes on the field I am. When you watch games you can see players with plenty of speed and athleticism at most positions, including, on our team Defensive Tackle. Rat is a great athlete and it shows at DT. When he played DE he was average, at best. The 3-4 enabled him to unleash his true abilities and now he’s a beast. Of course with Ware and Spencer outside and Jenkins and T-New out wide, all we are missing is a play-making, ball-hawking, game changing S. Maybe he’s already on our team. I hope so. But I have a feeling the Dallas Braintrust is going with a “what we have now is good enough to get by” type attitude. Yet I am also not foolish enough to think I know more than our coaching staff (or owner) about football and players. I trust them to evaluate personnel since that’s what they get paid to do.

Roger Staubach was the original Captain Comeback......alas, I am but a Cheap Imitation.

by CapnComebackII on Apr 28, 2010 9:17 AM CDT reply actions  

3-4 defenses are much more confusing

to a QB than a 4-3 and I think thats why they have more success. In a 3-4 it’s much more difficult to ascertain where the rushers are coming from and the 3-4 has defensed the great Peyton Manning much better than the traditioanl 4-3 over his career and if you can confuse Manning at times, you’ll be able to confuse any qb.

In Romo we Trust

by Terry on Apr 28, 2010 10:00 AM CDT reply actions  

Well you also are essentially...

putting one more guy on the field that can cover better.

I find it interesting how many teams are starting to roll into the 3-4.

Cleveland
GB
Dallas
Pitt
Washington is going into it.
Buffalo
AZ
Baltimore
Jets
NE
Miami
Niners
Chiefs
Broncos
San Diego

Almost half the league is either in a 3-4 or a hybrid of it. There are even rumors that the Raiders could be translating soon.

Anything said above is purely the opinion of AFB unless said otherwise.

by The Immortal Iron Fist AKA AFB on Apr 28, 2010 11:38 AM CDT up reply actions  

I think its more about the pass rush

yes, in a 3-4 you can bring the pass rush from multiple positions and drop them into coverage and change in the last second.

but I think they may also be vunerable to power running games and one of the reasons teams are going to a lot of two TE sets and TEs are such en-vouge today.

by CowboysFanatic on Apr 28, 2010 12:19 PM CDT up reply actions  

i love 3-4

because let us have demarcus and anthony spencer on the field

by ratware on Apr 28, 2010 2:09 PM CDT up reply actions  

Again, great write-up, OCC

The fact that we only allowed 17.7% of 3rd down conversions is a little surprising (and very encouraging). Based solely on my frustrated memory from last season, it seemed like we did better than average against 3rd and short but much worse on 3rd and long. Is that right? Didn’t you do a defensive stats post about that subject?

by JimmyJohnson on Apr 28, 2010 10:02 AM CDT reply actions  

Ouch

and apologies to all. The 3rd dwon conversion column has been fixed.

by One.Cool.Customer on Apr 28, 2010 12:33 PM CDT up reply actions  

Good points, Terry

Roger Staubach was the original Captain Comeback......alas, I am but a Cheap Imitation.

by CapnComebackII on Apr 28, 2010 10:10 AM CDT reply actions  

Thanks for serving our country sir.

Anything said above is purely the opinion of AFB unless said otherwise.

by The Immortal Iron Fist AKA AFB on Apr 28, 2010 11:43 AM CDT up reply actions  

The good and bad of the 3-4

From a personnel standpoint, I think its a helluva lot easier to find pass rushers that fit a 3-4 OLB mold than the 4-3 DE mold. Its a rare athlete who is big enough to play 4-3 DE well but has the speed to turn the corner. On the other hand, you see tons of guys every year who are good athletes but are tweeners and fit as a OLB.

On the other hand, one of the weaknesses of the 3-4 is that your base DEs often become your nickel DTs. And its rare to find a guy to play the 3-4 DE who can also rush as a tackle. Most of the time the 3-4 DEs are big strong guys who aren’t quick enough to pass rush. The great rush DTs don’t fit well into a base 3-4 (see Warren Sapp). That’s part of what makes Ratliff so exceptional, he can play in the base alignment and then be a great nickel DT. However, the OLBs transition well into the nickel DEs because they don’t have to worry about defending the run.

So I think its easier to get an edge rush with a base 3-4, but harder to get an inside rush. I’d rather have the edge, as that seems the most consistent way to get pressure.

Check out my movie - Standards of Ethical Conduct

by cowboysuberfan on Apr 28, 2010 10:10 AM CDT reply actions  

Acutally

The best kind of rush is coming up the middle because the QB can’t just step up in the pocket. Thats when the sacks really come because it is harder for a qb to escape something coming right up the middle than something to the outside. And even if he does, he has to get out of the pocket to do so and thus exposes himself.

Tony Romo off in dat hole, Watch roll and watch him throw, Watch him lead dem cowboys to the super bowl, now watch me "yua!" crank dat cowboys, Now watch me "yua!" crank dat cowboys, Now watch me "yua!" crank dat cowboys, Now watch me "yua!" crank dat cowboys!

by ProBowlFactory on Apr 28, 2010 10:37 AM CDT up reply actions  

the "% 3rd down conversions allowed" table

has the same data from the Yards Per Point Allowed table fyi

by faenix on Apr 28, 2010 10:55 AM CDT reply actions  

yeah...

…I think you accidently copied the table data from that other table. I was wondering cus it seems like the higher the conversion % ALLOWED, the worse off the defense would be.,

by KaceOFbass on Apr 28, 2010 12:33 PM CDT via mobile up reply actions  

I've always wondered if the success of the 3-4

had more to do with the fact that relatively few teams used it, so that it was difficult to game plan for (i.e. hard for the scout team to run in practice, etc.). Now that 40% of the league is running it, I guess we’ll see if that was the case.

by DannyWhite on Apr 28, 2010 11:23 AM CDT reply actions  

Going by nfl.com

They were tied for first with NO at 6.3 yards per play.

Anything said above is purely the opinion of AFB unless said otherwise.

by The Immortal Iron Fist AKA AFB on Apr 28, 2010 11:40 AM CDT up reply actions  

Sorry...

was posting for offense.. my bad. haha

Anything said above is purely the opinion of AFB unless said otherwise.

by The Immortal Iron Fist AKA AFB on Apr 28, 2010 11:44 AM CDT up reply actions  

On Defense

They were 8th with 5.8 ypp given up.

by JimmyJohnson on Apr 28, 2010 11:43 AM CDT up reply actions  

Sorry

That was Postseason. They were 12th with 5.2 regular season

by JimmyJohnson on Apr 28, 2010 11:45 AM CDT up reply actions  

missing a Turnovers stat

This is one of the most important stats – at least as important as sacks.

by speedmetal on Apr 28, 2010 11:57 AM CDT via mobile reply actions  

Nice work OCC, but I think your last chart is mislabeled

The values aren’t Y/P or YPPA, but that’s what they’re labeled as.

Also, I would’ve put us as below-average in terms of 3rd down. I’m absolutely shocked to see that we were top 5.

by Key19 on Apr 28, 2010 11:57 AM CDT reply actions  

I think it goes in cycles

its all about the pass rush. in the 4-3, its critical for your DEs to be able to rush the passer. getting sacks from LBs and the likes is icing on the cake that makes the difference between a good 4-3 and an average one. and its well known judging the 4-3 DEs and projecting them to NFL is a very losing proposition.

its rather easier to get athletes and undersized DEs in college and transform them to OLBs in the 3-4. that’s why you see the 3-4 in such vogue, since not that many 4-3 DEs have been coming out that are that good.

but I think these things go in cycles. it takes about 10 years for the cycle to complete and then start to go the other way. it started a few years ago and cowboys were one of the teams to switch. now more teams are switching. offenses have to respond in turn, that’s why the two TE sets are en vogue and we saw so many TEs taken some teams (Ravens) even took two. It also helps if you have athletic TEs that can run and block to offset those atheltic OLBs.

soo we will see offenses respond to the 3-4 even more, the 3-4 is a little smaller up front and if your guards can get to the LBs, its a match up that favors you offensively. we probably will see a swing to power running teams, that can push the 3-4 back a little and put them on their heels. it will take another 5-6 years to see the swing in full motion.

and then the defenses have to respond and will probably go back to the 4-3 with finding quick interrior DTs that can penetrate and on and on.

by CowboysFanatic on Apr 28, 2010 12:17 PM CDT reply actions  

I think the thing that is clear to me about the Dallas defense is that they need to improve on turnovers and the ability to stop offenses from getting those extra yards that while they may not lead to points, do affect field position and keep the ball out of our offense’s hands. As well as our defense played last year, can you imagine how it would look if our yards production matched how well our defense stops the other team from scoring (in other words if we were elite a stopping offense from moving the ball)?

If I had a nickel for every Super Bowl the Eagles have won, I would have zero nickels.

by Cowboyfan729 on Apr 28, 2010 12:18 PM CDT reply actions  

Great Post

That's why they call them business sox

by egriffey on Apr 28, 2010 12:32 PM CDT reply actions  

I liked it so much better when there were only a handful of 3-4 teams in the league

We didn’t have to compete with nearly as many teams for player types then.

Now everyone is looking for NTs! Makes them much more difficult to get for a bargain.

Larry Allen benched 700 pounds. That is Leonard Davis times two.

by Tim Wilson on Apr 28, 2010 12:57 PM CDT reply actions  

But due to the scheme differences....

we want a very different type of NT – more penetrating – as per Raf’s last story.

Gotta believe they drafted Lissemore because they wanted a Rat-like backup.

"Where's Woody? - We need another Darren Woodson

by BoyfromOz on May 1, 2010 12:47 AM CDT up reply actions  

I was a bit worried

When Dallas switched to the 3-4. I didn’t think they had the personnel to make the switch quickly. With the emergence of Spencer and the play of Ratliff we are now set. However, it’s still about the players and execution on the field. Remember, both teams that played in the SB did not run a 3-4. I will take the trophy anytime – whether playing a 3-4 or a 4-3

by tyler2 on Apr 28, 2010 2:05 PM CDT reply actions  

we had Ellis

Spencer may be better, but it’s not a huge difference.

by speedmetal on Apr 28, 2010 4:43 PM CDT up reply actions  

Two stats stand out to me:

1) As Cowboyfan 729 pointed out, the yards per points allowed suggests that even if the other team wasn’t scoring often, they were keeping possession long enough to affect field position, keeping the Cowboys offense off the field and leaving them with a long field. (This also means more wear and tear on the defense over the course of the game.)
2) If the defense was getting off the field after holding the opponent to a 35% success rate on third down, then some of the opponent’s 1st down pick-ups were occurring on 2nd or even 1st down, where linebacker play against the run and short pass is more important. Or was the opponent’s success rate on third down lower in the earlier part of games and higher toward the end when the defense was worn down (again keeping in mind that they didn’t score so often, but left the Cowboys with a lot of green.)
Maybe this is where the coaching staff’s choices in the draft point to the places they feel the need for an upgrade: spending a 2nd round pick on an ILB instead of a safety.

by 42itus on Apr 28, 2010 2:16 PM CDT reply actions  

Very solid point about the ILB investment we have made recently

If I had a nickel for every Super Bowl the Eagles have won, I would have zero nickels.

by Cowboyfan729 on Apr 28, 2010 3:00 PM CDT up reply actions  

Dallas' difficulty with the 3-4

Correct me if I’m wrong, but isn’t the 3-4 the defense that Dallas struggled against the most last year. The GB and SD games come to mind.

This always struck me as odd, considering that they practice against it and their coach is one of the league’s recognized authorities on the scheme.

by jazzbo251 on Apr 28, 2010 3:03 PM CDT reply actions  

Big, slow, old OL

…against a small, quick, flexible defense equates to bad day for the offense.

Rabid and luvin' it

by lonewolfz28 on Apr 28, 2010 3:09 PM CDT up reply actions  

i hear that

think of the 2008 game vs the Cardinals

by elFURIOSOpozo on Apr 28, 2010 5:26 PM CDT up reply actions  

Changes in College personnel may have also encouraged NFL 3-4 defenses

In the last decade, college teams seem to have moved from big strong linemen to smaller faster guys, perhaps as a reaction to the increased prevalence of spread offenses. This has made it even harder to find the good 4-3 linemen that can rush the passer, but easier to find the smallish DE that can switch to 3-4 OLB.

by Yoko Romo on Apr 28, 2010 4:33 PM CDT reply actions  

Yep very true.

Alot of tweeners out there.

Anything said above is purely the opinion of AFB unless said otherwise.

by The Immortal Iron Fist AKA AFB on Apr 28, 2010 6:09 PM CDT up reply actions  

I remember the 3-4 as an AFC alignment

to counter the more pass-oriented teams in that conference, e.g. Miami, San Diego. Even now, of the 13 teams that use it, 9 are AFC. Now that pass-heavy offensive schemes are league-wide, the 3-4 is spreading. Did Parcells use it in NY or first in NE? What made him decide to implement it when he came to Dallas, which played in a very 4-3 run-oriented division? And which team was the first to use it? Not Wade’s dad?

by 42itus on Apr 28, 2010 4:58 PM CDT reply actions  

The focus on the passing game is what I was thinking about too

Not a big fan of the 3-4 myself, but the truth is it’s not really a 3-4 on passing downs anyways, the way they substitute.
But it does switch out one guy out, size for speed, and I think it’s that extra focus on speed to combat the passing game, even on 1st and 2nd down, that makes the difference now.
How many teams are left that are just going to run right through you because you have an extra LB on the field?

Pessimists say the cup is half-empty, while optimists say it's half-full. Well, isn't it both? Realist Larry, 2009

by Realist Larry on Apr 28, 2010 5:23 PM CDT up reply actions  

So if Williams and Lee catch on quickly,

we may see them playing in the near term? Not starting, but getting time in games. It may pay off later in the season, even if the learning process means living with some mistakes early on.

by 42itus on Apr 28, 2010 6:07 PM CDT up reply actions  

If they can't beat out Carpenter midyear it's a bad sign!

that’s all I can say.
he’s a backup quality player and shouldn’t be on the field so much…amazing the 3rd-down D survived w/him out there all year.

Pessimists say the cup is half-empty, while optimists say it's half-full. Well, isn't it both? Realist Larry, 2009

by Realist Larry on Apr 28, 2010 10:39 PM CDT up reply actions  

Yeah

I don’t think that’s going to be a problem.

Anything said above is purely the opinion of AFB unless said otherwise.

by The Immortal Iron Fist AKA AFB on Apr 29, 2010 9:04 PM CDT up reply actions  

Bum used it in the mid 70s I think.

The Oilers were among the 1st teams to use it.

by DIRE WOLF on Apr 28, 2010 5:09 PM CDT reply actions  

Maybe the staff had the growing prevalence of the 3-4 in mind

as one of the reasons to replace a massive but less-nimble Flozell with a guy like Free who is agile and quick enough to get to the second (and even third) level. Maybe the tendency for lighter, quicker O linemen is a way to counter more linebackers on the field. Could that be why teams like the Colts who play in the AFC prefer lighter linemen? —Not to counter teams in their division, but the usual suspects lurking in the playoffs for most of the last decade: Pitt, NE, Balt, SD and Denver. All of them use a 3-4.

by 42itus on Apr 29, 2010 2:11 PM CDT reply actions  

The 3-4 Defense and The NFL

“The Chicago Bears and Washington Redskins are the only NFL teams which have never used the 3-4 as their base defense. However, with the 2010 hiring of Jim Haslett the Redskins are expected to adopt 3-4 for the 2010 season. Conversely, the Steelers have used the 3-4 as their base since 1982, the season after Pro Football Hall of Fame defensive tackle Joe Greene and end L. C. Greenwood retired.

The 3-4 defense was originally devised by Bud Wilkinson at the University of Oklahoma in the 1940s. Chuck Fairbanks learned the defense from Wilkinson and is credited with importing it to the NFL. The 1972 Miami Dolphins were the first team to win a Super Bowl with the 3-4 defense, going undefeated and using number 53, Bob Mathison as a down lineman or rushing linebacker. When the Oakland Raiders defeated the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl XV, it marked the first Super Bowl in which both teams used the 3-4 as their base defense. Also notable, the 1986 New York Giants won Super Bowl XXI with a 3-4 defense and all-time great Lawrence Taylor as outside linebacker. By the mid-1990s, only a few teams used a 3-4 defense, most notably the Buffalo Bills and Pittsburgh Steelers."

Why do i look at Popivich with a arm around a player talking with 2 minutes left, and get jealous?
by semsemma on Mar 10, 2010 8:00 PM PST

by Rohpuri on Apr 29, 2010 10:03 PM CDT reply actions  

Got that from Wikipedia

Why do i look at Popivich with a arm around a player talking with 2 minutes left, and get jealous?
by semsemma on Mar 10, 2010 8:00 PM PST

by Rohpuri on Apr 29, 2010 10:03 PM CDT up reply actions  

Sporting News wrote an article on this last February

http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/article/2009-02-22/finding-players-who-fit-3-4-scheme-more-art-science

Why do i look at Popivich with a arm around a player talking with 2 minutes left, and get jealous?
by semsemma on Mar 10, 2010 8:00 PM PST

by Rohpuri on Apr 29, 2010 10:09 PM CDT reply actions  

It is not necessarily the increased passing that prompted the shift

I think its the flexibility and unpredictability as a base Defence that is the reason.

In passing situations what do the cowboys do? They almost always switch to 4 down-lineman nickel package. IF 3-4 was better against the pass wouldn’t they stay in it?

And if you look at Rohpuri’s sporting news link above – they say the same thing about College D’s: they generally play against a spread offence with four rushers on the line – not from a 3-4 alignment.

"Where's Woody? - We need another Darren Woodson

by BoyfromOz on May 1, 2010 1:31 AM CDT reply actions  

Bum Phillips Invented the "One-Gap" 3-4 Defense.

While a lot of teams are using or are going to use the 3-4 defense, they are/will be using the “two-gap” version which is in my humble opinion not as good as the “one-gap” that only the Cowboys and Chargers run.

In the “one-gap” the downlinemen are responsible for only “one-gap” and thus have the freedom to “shoot their gap” and play in the backfield….hence, one of the reasons for the success of Jay Ratliff. In the “two-gap” defenses, the d-linemen are taught to let the Offensive linemen “fire out” at them, while they wait to see which gap the ball carrier might be coming thru. If it is a pass, then they can shed the blocks and get after the QB.

The advantage of the “two-gap” is the linebackers are free to make plays because the D-linemen are occupying the O-linemen.

The advantage of Wade’s “one-gap” is the fact that it is an “attacking” defense and allows smaller nose tackles to shine and forces the Offense to react to them very often.

Just a small point, but an important one!

by CoachGary on May 1, 2010 10:29 PM CDT reply actions  

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